punishment
noun/ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/
Слово англійською: punishment
Переклад punishment українською: покарання
Детальний опис
- [uncountable, countable] an act or a way of punishing somebody
- to inflict/impose/mete out punishment
- to deserve/face/escape punishment
- punishment for something What is the punishment for murder?
- I felt sure that it was a punishment for my sin.
- punishment for doing something Punishments for killing the king's deer were severe.
- There is little evidence that harsher punishments deter any better than more lenient ones.
- The punishment should fit the crime.
- as (a) punishment He was sent to his room as a punishment.
- She had to tidy the classroom as punishment for being late.
- punishment of somebody new approaches to the punishment of offenders
Culture punishmentpunishmentPunishment for people who break the law is decided in a court of law. In the US, federal, state and local governments each have their own systems of law and of punishment. The Constitution does not permit ‘cruel and unusual punishment’, but it is the responsibility of the Supreme Court to decide whether a punishment is ‘cruel and unusual’. In Britain, the Scottish legal system is different from that in England and Wales, but methods of punishment are similar throughout Britain.When an accused person is found guilty of a crime, the judge decides what punishment they should suffer. In both Britain and the US the least serious offences are punished by fines which must be paid to the court. Fines or fixed penalties (= fines at a level decided in advance) are often imposed for minor traffic offences such as parking where it is not permitted and can be paid without the need to go to court.If a fine is not considered enough of a punishment, a person may be sentenced to do community service (= work without pay in hospitals, homes for old people, etc.) or be put on probation (= required to have regular meetings with an official over a set period). When the crime committed is more serious, the convicted person is likely to be given a prison sentence. If it is their first offence the sentence may be suspended (= only carried out if the person is found guilty of another crime) and the person is allowed to remain free on a conditional discharge.If a person is given a prison sentence, its length depends on how serious their crime is and on their past record . If a person thinks the sentence is too severe, they have the right to appeal against it in a higher court, which has the power to reduce the sentence. As a reward for good behaviour prisoners are often given remission (= are released early). Others get parole, which means that they can go free as long as they do not commit any further crimes. In the US the number of people on probation has increased in recent years, as there is not always room in prisons for all those given a prison sentence. A variety of non-custodial punishments (= ones not requiring time in prison) have been tried in both Britain and the US, including electronic tagging. This punishment requires people to wear a device that informs the police where they are.In Britain the maximum sentence that can be handed down by a judge is a life sentence, which in fact usually means spending about 20-25 years in prison. The most serious punishment in the US is the death penalty. Not all states allow it, and, in those that do, there may be many years of appeals before it can be carried out. - [uncountable] rough treatment
- The carpet by the door takes the most punishment.
Word Originlate Middle English: from Old French punissement, from the verb punir ‘punish’, from Latin punire, from poena ‘penalty’.
Idioms
cruel and unusual punishment
- a category of very severe punishment that is banned under US law
- This important case confronts the issue of what constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.
- Detainees are subjected to malnutrition, forced labor, and to other cruel and unusual punishments.